St. Wilfrid’s History

A Short History of St. Wilfrid’s Church – Old Arley, North Warwickshire

The Parish of Arley

In the Doomsday book of 1086 Arley was described as a farming area made up of several hamlets. Over the years the hamlet merged into a single entity and at the centre was built the parish church of St Wilfrid’s.

For six centuries it remained a farming community with a population of a few hundred.

Then at the beginning of the 20th century things changed when a local business man started a mining company nearby. Mining the coal required skilled workers who frequently came from many miles away. To accommodate the new families six hundred houses were built a short distance from the pit. Shops and other facilities soon followed creating a second community, one of the new facilities being the church of St Michael’s.

By the 1930s the population of the combined communities had grown to over three thousand five hundred. Today the area around St Wilfrid’s is referred to as Old Arley and the area around St Michael’s as New Arley and together they make up the parish of Arley.

The Life of St. Wilfrid

Although the church is called St Wilfrid’s the correct name of the saint was St Wilfrith. Born in Northumberland in 634 he grew up to be one of the most controversial of the English saints. In his life he had some very influential friends and also some very influential enemies.
This led to him having a varied and complicated life. He became Abbot of Ripon in 658 and then Bishop of York in 669. In 703 he returned to his monastery in Ripon where he led a life of prayer until his death in 709. He is best known for his work in the debates to decide the correct method of calculating the date of Easter. At the time there were two methods in use which led to totally different results.

The History of St. Wilfrid’s Church.

The view of St. Wilfrid’s Church in the 14th century, when it was first built, would have been quite a bit different from the one today. Instead of houses the church would have been surrounded by woods and fields.

The mound it stands on would also have been more a lot more pronounced. Earth added to the churchyard in the centuries that followed had the effect of reducing the angle of the slope. The church was recently dated and the conclusion was that all of the building came from the same period with the exception of part of the North wall which appeared to be much earlier. This suggests that a church may have existed on the site previously.

The bell tower was added up to a hundred years later and the porch in the last two hundred years. As well as the exterior of the church having changed over time, so also has the interior. The first worshippers would have entered an empty building and stood throughout the service as seating did not appear until much later. The service would have been in Latin and led by a catholic priest.

The Entrance Path.

Either side of the entrance path are yew trees which after dating are shown to be from the period the church was built. Those by the main gate are much later.

The Priests Door.

A few yards to the right of the porch is a smaller door which would have been used by the priest to take him directly to the altar without passing through the body of the church. All around the window to the left can be seen gouges in the brickwork. A couple of explanations have been given for this with the most likely being to do with Rogation Sunday. The custom on this day in spring was for the farmers to ask for God’s blessing on their fields. A rarer custom was to sharpen their farm implements on the church brickwork.

The Bell Tower

This view is looking towards the bell tower at the back of the church. Access to the bells is by climbing three long ladders as there is no staircase. The tower has six bells with the oldest dating back to 1590. In the front of the tower can be seen the font which was moved there to ease congestion at the entrance to the church.

View Towards the Front of the Church

As can be seen, the church has a single aisle with pews either side. A close look at the ends of the pews reveals holes in some of them where oil lamps would have originally been mounted. The wooden panelling was added at the last major refurbishment in 1873. If we now stand with our backs at the font we can walk forward taking a look at the points of interest on the way.

The Plaque Above the Entrance

The crest above the main door is believed to be from Arley Hall which was a moated manor house built in the late 16th century and situated a quarter of a mile west of the church. Sadly there is very little of the house to be seen now.

The Rectors’ Board

Directly opposite the entrance is an archway containing a commemorative board listing all the rectors of the church.
The first on the list being Richard De Coventre who became Rector in 1287. Underneath the board are two items which reflect the history of the area. Firstly a statue of a miner made in bronze and secondly a large lump of coal. Once a year the miners would take the lump of coal to a local venue where they would gather together for a service. Leaning against the wall underneath the board are some pieces of lead dating from the 1700s.These were removed when the roof was refurbished. They have been kept as they have various initials written on them either from the parishioners or the workmen. A closer look at the archway shows that it was once a doorway which have would have exited on the North side of the church. In the medieval days this would have likely been referred to as the devil’s door. During baptism services it would have been left open so any evil spirits in the baby being baptised could escape the building. In the 17th century when Oliver Cromwell was in power it was seen as a heathen superstition which resulted in a lot of the doors being bricked up.

The North Window in the Chancel

This window situated behind the choir pews is believed to be made up of four different sections. With the oldest two dating back to the 14th century and the other two being at least one hundred years later. Looking closely it is possible to see that the facial details on the earlier two do not contain as much detail as those of the later ones.

The Sanctuary – Main Window

The centre main section of the window is an image of our Lord Jesus Christ. The panes either side contain angels bowing to our Lord. Below on the left is St Wilfrid carrying a church. On the right is St Chad who was a bishop at the same period of time as St Wilfrid.

The Sanctuary – Left of the Altar

Attached to the wall are fragments of a memorial which was originally in the North side of the church. They commemorate the life of Jane Saynt Andrew who died in 1619. She was a relative of the Lord of the manor at that time.

The Sanctuary – North wall close to main altar

The recess contains the effigy of a priest in full mass vestments. His head is rested on two cushions supported by angels. His hair is full of curls and he has a tonsure. On his feet are pointed shoes which are rested against a dog. The period is believed to be the 14th century and it is likely he was the priest in charge when the chancel was rebuilt and extended.

The Sanctuary – Right of the Main Altar

This window depicts the presentation of Jesus at the temple. The left pane shows Mary and Joseph standing together. The right pane shows Simeon holding Jesus with Anna beside him.

The Old Barn in the Churchyard

Looking at this building in the church yard it appears to be a single storey building. However what you cannot see is that the ground slopes away rapidly and that the other side contains two storeys.
Originally it was a barn belonging to a Georgian rectory beyond. The side we can see is known as the Upper Room and has been used for various functions over the years.
In 1929 it was fitted out for use by the Rector and choir to put on their robes before a service.
During the 1939/45 war it was used by the ladies of the village to make various garments for the war effort. In all over 3000 garments were made between.

The items made included water bottle covers, mittens, pyjamas, cardigans, nightdresses children’s knickers, dressing gowns and a lot more beside. The Upper Room was strengthened and refurbished a couple of years ago for use as a church hall. Today it serves as a venue for a dining club, a meeting room and also hired out for small functions.